We know that a basic lead-acid battery is made up of the electrolyte of positive and negative plates. It is more meticulous, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate form respectively the 'semi-battery'. The positive electrode plate has a positive potential in the respective semi-battery configuration, and the negative electrode plate has a negative potential. The basic single battery can be seen as the above two 'semi-battery' according to the positive electrode plate - the electrolyte - the electrolyte - the negative plate, positive, negative relative potential is 2V, 6 single battery series together is a commonly used 12V battery .When the lead-acid battery is fully charged, the substance on the positive electrode plate is a lead (PBO2), the substance on the negative plate is a velvet lead (Pb), the density of electrolyte sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is about 1.33 g / cm3 (refer to The lead-acid battery for electric vehicles, other use lead-acid battery densities is slightly lower). During the discharge process, the lead in the positive electrode plate of the discharge circuit is obtained by the electrons, lead the lead in the negative electrode plate loss electrons, producing bvalent lead (Pb2 +) and the sulfuric acid in the electrolyte, precipitation on each of the plates Lead (PBSO4); precipitated oxygen ions and hydrogenation and water. As the discharge progresses, the concentration of the electrolyte decreases, the leads, the leads on the negative electrode plate are gradually accumulated. When this process progresses to a certain extent, the discharge polarization is getting more and more, the potential of the positive electrode plate is getting more and more negative, and the negative electrode plate potential is increasingly tending to positive. The density of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte is getting lower. The voltage of the battery is low to the termination voltage, and the discharge must be terminated.
During charging, divalent lead ions in the solution oxidize the electron transmitted external circuit to positive tetravalent lead (PB4 +), and the oxygen ions and positive tetravalent lead in electrolyte water (HO2) into the positive electrode plate. Crystal crystal. grid. Since the bvilted lead in the solution is consumed, the leads of the positive plates on the positive electrode plate constantly dissolve, the lead of the cells; the lead in the negative electrode plate is first dissolved into divalent lead and sulfate (SO4), bvalent lead receiving charging The electrons from the loop are reduced to lead on the negative plate. Synthesis of sulfuric acid in hydrogen and sulfate left in the electrolyte. As the charging is carried out, the cells on the plates on the plates are gradually dissolved, and the concentration of the electrolyte continues to increase. When this process is to a certain extent, the charging polarization phenomenon is getting heavier, positive, and the negative plate has precipitated oxygen and hydrogen, and the charging current is increasingly producing hydrolysis. The sulfuric acid density in the electrolyte is getting higher and higher. Positive plate plate The potential tendency, the negative electrode plate potential tends to the most, the battery voltage is constantly rising, and eventually returns to the above-mentioned state of charge.
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